24th Pacific Science Congress (PSC-24)

Urinary biomonitoring has emerged as a powerful tool for assessing human internal exposure to environmental contaminants. This presentation provides a comprehensive review of the occurrence, exposure pathways, and health risks associated with multiple classes of chemicals, including phthalate ester (PAE) metabolites, parabens, organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolites, hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs), benzophenone-type UV filters, and melamine and its derivatives. Global biomonitoring data consistently show widespread human exposure, with significant detection frequencies across diverse populations. Children and pregnant women are identified as vulnerable groups, often exhibiting higher urinary levels of PAEs and OPEs due to behavioral and physiological factors. While acute health risks from melamine and parabens appear low based on current exposure levels, concerns remain regarding chronic low-dose exposure and potential endocrine- and kidney-related effects. Notably, estimated daily intakes (EDIs) derived from urinary concentrations indicate that certain PAEs and OPEs may exceed reference doses in sensitive populations, suggesting potential developmental risks.

Urinary biomonitoring, multi-class contaminants, exposure assessment