The Xiamen Symposium on Marine Environmental Sciences (XMAS 2025)

Amundsen Gulf, located between the Canadian north slope and Banks Island, is the first gateway to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, providing a bridge between the western Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic. Using timeseries from 13 moorings in the vicinity of the mouth of Amundsen Gulf deployed from 2003-2004, we investigate the mean state and dominant variability of the circulation in the upper layer which consists of boundary currents on both sides of the gulf and anticyclonic recirculation in the interior. We find that the flow at the western side of the gulf switches directions in response to the wind: inflow under northwesterly winds and outflow under  southeasterly winds. Such a relationship persists throughout the year, except during periods of full ice coverage. By contrast, the current on the eastern side of Amundsen Gulf consistently flows into the gulf for most of the year and is only weakly correlated with the western boundary current or local winds. Instead the flow aligns more with the circulation along the eastern side of Banks Island which is linked to the southeastern extension and movement of the Beaufort Gyre, and, in turn, the basin-scale wind stress curl. Three distinct water masses were observed at the mouth of the gulf mouth during the year-long period: fresh water in late fall that originates in the basin and penetrates into the gulf; cold/salty water in winter that is intermittently advected into the gulf from the eastern boundary current; and warm water in summer that appears in open ocean regions where atmospheric heating occurs, independent of the detailed circulation structure.
 

circulation, Arctic Ocean, Amundsen Gulf