[国民经济学研讨会]双主题研讨会

【主题】 1、增加值贸易、贸易增加值和增加值率的变化 增加值贸易和贸易增加值是当前全球价值链研究中两个重要概念。报告人对增加值贸易和贸易增加值测算中不同概念之间的关系进行了辨析，指出目前理论界采用计算全部出口中所包含增加值的“贸易增加值”测算方法存在着理论缺陷。试图在一个中间产品进出口内生化的模型中，却要把中间产品出口作为外生变量来处理。其背后的原因在于在把全球经济作为一个单一生产系统的分析框架中，中间产品贸易是被最终需求所驱动的，并成为衔接需求和收入之间的桥梁，而贸易本身并非最终驱动因素。同时，尽管增加值贸易和贸易增加值概念均把贸易差额与收入差额之间的背离作为所要揭示的重点，但是现有的这两个概念的测算方法只能表明这种背离的结果，而不能真正揭示其原因，因为在它们的测算中，增加值率都是外生给定的，而要说明贸易与收入背离的根本原因则在于对增加值率变动原因的剖析。 2、Measuring the actual factor content of trade by using the international input-output model Computing the factor content of trade is important when testing Heckscher-Vanek-Ohlin theory. In existing studies, the representative method based on the international input-output model mainly refers to Deardorff’s “actual” factor content of trade. The method is plausible, but suffers from the problem of double counting. Thus, the contribution of this paper is to propose a method of measuring the actual factor content of trade that resolves the problem of double counting. The method is applied to value added analysis in trade flows, and the domestic value added in exports (DVA) and actual value added of trade are derived. Then these results of the method are compared with KWW’s decomposition of gross exports and Bart Los’s method of computing DVA. By using World Input-Output Tables (WIOTs), the concepts related to value-added are computed and compared.